Explain IOT, how it works and its impact on the world

 The Internet of Things, the concept known as IoT, short for Internet of Things in simple words, is a technical concept to connect all things and devices, what kind in the world, to the Internet to control them remotely through programs and applications and exchange data in real time via any servers or directly .

The concept of the Internet of Things allows companies and individuals to be more connected to the world around them and to do meaningful work with high efficiency, allowing the world to be more connected.

The simplest explanation of the Internet of Things is the desire of both users and companies to bring the potential of the global network beyond computers and smartphones.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a topic of discussion in many places, not even more. The Internet of Things, the largest organizations, is beginning to view it as the great future of the world and humanity so that devices will work for the individual. Many positive enthusiasts believe that the Internet of Things will not affect how Not only we live, but it will also influence the way we view and deal in life.

What is the Internet of Things (IoT) - how it works and why is it needed. Examples of using Internet of Things technology in everyday life. Advantages and disadvantages of using smart technology. Let's take a look at what the Internet of Things is, what examples of its use already exist today and what to expect in the near future.

What exactly is IoT? What is its impact on humanity?

The Internet of Things is the interaction of devices with each other and the outside world, which excludes human participation, due to which certain economic and social norms can be changed.

Nowadays, the Internet of Things can be seen as the limit for the imagination around technology development - a conceptually different approach to human interaction with "smart" electronics.

If one could have dreamed of something like this a century ago, today it is just another stage of development related to the not too distant future.

Going deeper into history, the first person to mention the Internet of Things was 'Nikola Tesla, inventor, engineer, electrician, and mechanical engineer'. He predicted the role of neurons in the radio waves that control all things. It was only an expectation, which for many reasons could not be practically feasible at the time.

But less than a hundred years later, Kevin Ashten first applied the Internet of Things (IoT) in the field of logistics - in which a wireless tag was attached to each product, by which the movement of goods was tracked along the commercial chain, from warehouse to purchase.

All information regarding the movement of products was sent to the network, and when the stock needed to be replenished, the goods were not in the warehouse, but sent to the store.

The Internet of Things is not just automating a specific field that we encounter in our daily life, it is something else. To get a feel for the difference between process automation and the concept of the Internet of Things, consider the example of a coffee machine. In order to drink coffee at a certain moment, the beans must be placed in the machine and set the time for which the coffee machine should work. At a precisely defined hour, the device will start working.

At the same time, maybe your preferences changed, and instead of coffee, you wanted hot tea or milk. With the process automated, no matter what, you can still have the coffee. This means, in this case, that the command center of the machine is a person, and if the coffee machine does not rewrite or stop it for a different time, the machine will continue to make coffee as it has been programmed continuously as long as the person does not stop it. Using the Internet of Things concept, you can simply change the command with a smart tool that signals to turn off the coffee machine and turn on the kettle. So you get the drink that works best for you in the moment, while letting the coffee machine understand that you've changed your preferences from coffee to hot milk or tea.

The Internet of Things makes it possible not to program to achieve a goal, but only allows a person to form a goal that is achieved as a result of the interaction of the main machine, which acts as a single hub, and the home device that will do the work.

There are many complications about the “Internet of Things”, but we want to convey to you the important basics that make you search more about the topic seriously, especially in academic research, articles and books that talk about the independent of our digital technological world. There are a lot of technical and political debates related to the topic, but many people are still trying to understand the basics of "the day to day Internet of Things".

Internet connectivity has become widely available, and the cost of connection has become very cheap, and more devices that contain wireless and Wi-Fi capabilities and sensors are invented, and the costs of this technology are decreasing almost every year, and penetrating electronic devices is difficult day by day. All of these things create a tremendous scope for Internet of Things activity, which helps connect all the devices, how we type, with each other for purposes that serve the skin.

Internet of Things in simple terms.

Simply put, it is to connect any electronic digital device with a pause button to the Internet. This includes everything from cell phones, coffee makers, washing machines, headphones, lamps, wearables, and anything else you can think of. This also applies to machinery components, for example jet engine of a plane or an oil-drilling bit. As I mentioned, if it has an on and off switch, it will likely be part of IoT.

With the Internet, many things can be managed. The connected networks of computers, tablets and smartphones are no longer surprising, and industrial equipment controlled from a single center is also not new for long.

It is planned in the near future to merge a single concept of home appliances for the smart home, which will guess the desires of the owners and perform the functions assigned to them using a programmed device.

The possibilities listed are the world of the Internet of Things, which permeates all areas of new human life. Indeed, the number of devices connected to the Internet has exceeded 30 billion so far and the number is inaccurate, and by the coming years the number will exceed billions of connected and interconnected devices.

How the Internet of Things works.

There are many areas in which the Internet of Things can work, so let's find out how the Internet of Things works. For this to happen, three conditions must be met - establishing one hub, using one standard, and ensuring the security of data transmission.

Creating a single IoT hub eliminates the use of a person to transfer programs to achieve the goal. It must be replaced by a smart device that distributes commands within the network between devices.

Data exchange should be done in one language, as the innovators of the IoT concept still faced serious problems.

Each company, be it Apple, Google or Microsoft, develops the algorithm separately, so in the near future we can only count on inventing some kind of local network, which will be difficult to connect even within one metropolitan area.

In the future, it is likely that the most successful network will be adopted as a standard and become a global network.

Naturally, the data transfer must be done in a completely secure mode and the network is protected from hacking by hackers. Otherwise, the attacker will receive complete information about the owner, which he can use for criminal purposes.

What is the benefit of the Internet of Things (IoT)?

Anything connected to the Internet gets a unique opportunity to receive and transmit information. This ability makes the thing smart based on the data that was given to it, which means that it is more effective in terms of the task that the device was programmed for. However, this intelligence became more intelligent when the devices' data were combined with each other and allowed communication via the Internet, for example: “a smart watch “Smart speaker”, “smart home”, “smart office”, “smart car”. When all these kinds of intelligence are combined through the algorithms programmed for that, the car becomes aware of when you are going to work and prepares itself for you, without you interfering with it, and so the house secures itself in an aunt who forgot to close the windows.

Now to be smart, these examples don't necessarily have a super storage space or a supercomputer inside. Rather, what you need to be smarter is to connect to a server or a super storage server or a supercomputer, a company or an entity working on its programming.

If you thought that the concept of the Internet of Things is a matter of a distant future, then you are seriously wrong. Indeed, we can now provide many examples that will change your mind. Unlike the Internet for humans, the Internet of Things is used for practical benefits.

The Internet of Things performs a number of useful tasks - it automates processes as much as possible, reduces time and material costs, and improves production.

The first real step towards achieving the goal was to connect the toaster to a computer, which happened in the 1990's by finishing its design with a special chip.

John Romkey, who made this kind of connection, was able to operate a toaster by controlling it with a computer. Perhaps this name is better known due to the later established computer network connection protocol TCP or IP, but this person also made an important contribution to the history of the development of Internet of Things technologies.

Ideally, the Internet of Things is what brings home, city services, transportation, and all kinds of commercial services together in a unified global communications network.

The Internet of Things in Simple Examples?

Here are some examples of those who are currently using the Internet of Things:

• When you know on your phone where your online order has arrived, you are using the traditional Internet of Things.
• When the company knows the location of its trucks, their directions, and the reason for their delay, it uses the Internet of Things technology.
• When the refrigerator alerts you that the milk will expire, and the air conditioner when it adjusts its temperature with the interior and exterior of the house, you are in the Internet of modern things.
• When the fire department immediately receives a notification that a fire has occurred somewhere in the forest or in a factory.
• When a company manager controls the equipment and monitors the flow of production without leaving the office.
• The logistician monitors warehouse and transportation to identify defects and improve delivery speed.
• High-tech trash cans equipped with solar panels, garbage compactor function and system to indicate utility workers when full.
• Geolocation and biometrics chips used to control animal populations, as well as to control criminals under house arrest.
• Sensors and water meters used to reduce water consumption and loads on water utilities in large cities (they are used, in particular, in São Paulo and Beijing).
• Interactive dog dishes that only allow access to food when certain conditions or tasks are met.

The ultimate goal of the Internet of Things

• Reducing accidents and losses of raw materials in transportation and production.
• Distribute electricity efficiently in the energy sector.
• Filling manpower shortage with devices
• Street security monitoring.

The list of “smart” devices is increasing day by day, and dozens of companies around the world are participating in their development. Most of the devices under study are for arranging local needs, but the Internet of Things is still in its infancy.

The Internet of Things: Reality and Prospects

The expected effect of the emergence of the Internet of Things is to unify all "smart" devices under unified standards. In fact, everything seems more complicated - each developer is trying to find their own solution, which makes it difficult to integrate devices from different manufacturers into one network.

With the help of the gradual introduction of the Internet of Things, in theory, it will be possible to create fully independent enterprises that do not depend on humans and do not require the continued existence of workers.

This system could unite entire cities and states, and possibly the entire planet (at least the inhabited part of Earth).

But for now, progress is aimed at meeting the needs of the consumer, who is willing to pay a lot of money to buy new technical assistants - and some scientists have very reasonable concerns that a robust enterprise, theoretically able to unite all of humanity and benefit everyone, will be buried by commerce and a thirst for profit. Even before getting a decent development.

The Internet of Things, in its ideal form, should transform every connected device, if not into an individual, then into an individual capable of accumulating “expertise” and making decisions independently based on its core functions and according to other factors.

In modern reality, this seems to be very difficult, given that a really powerful supercomputer with an enormous amount of memory is required to store a common database of all devices.

Problems with implementing the Internet of Things system

The difference between the expected result and the reality is explained by the fact that there are many problems in implementing the Internet of Things. How is it expressed?

The need to search for alternative programming methods is one of the main challenging moments, and programmers all over the world still stumble to this day.

Modern "smart" technology works by using programmed algorithms based on basic commands and logical blocks. All "brains" of the device are hidden in the program code, which has a major drawback which is the lack of development opportunities.

Therefore, the device simply implements the specified algorithm and has a number of working scenarios when it receives various answers during implementation.

If a conflict arises between the working algorithm and the conditions that have arisen and which are not provided for by the program, then the program will fail or provide a result different from what is expected of it. And most importantly, he will not learn from this experience: it will require a programmer who figure out how to get the program out of such a situation.

Fragmentation of developments is the second most important problem. Having gathered together in one fist, the giants Apple, Windows, Google and many more can achieve more tangible results. They do not pull each other in different directions and even create competition for each other, but in the end they are forced to come to the conclusion that someone else has already achieved many times.

The third problem is the issue of energy supplies. For the Internet of Things to function properly, even within a single living space, the power supply for all connected devices must not be interrupted.

Connecting all devices to the Internet of One Things will lead to an acute shortage of energy resources, which must be renewed in advance - or find alternative, cheaper and more reliable energy sources.

In addition, not everyone will be able to equip their daily life with things from the world of high technology.

Without this, the transition to the “smart city”, “smart country” and “smart planet” phases of the “smart home” would be positively impossible. The conclusion is self-evident: IoT integration should not depend on the income of ordinary people, but it will be extremely difficult to find someone who pledges to pay for this initiative.

Pros and cons of IoT

Advantages of the Internet of Things

The benefits of the Internet of Things extend across every area of ​​life and business. Here is a list of some of the benefits offered by the Internet of Things

• Optimizing Customer Engagement - Current analytics have major blind spots and accuracy flaws, and as noted, post remains negative. This Internet of Things completely transformed for richer and more effective crowd interaction.
• Technology improvement - The same technologies and data that improve the customer experience also improve device usage, and aid in more effective improvements to technology. The Internet of Things opens up a world of critical career and field data.
• Reduce Waste - The Internet of Things illustrates areas for improvement. Current analyzes give us superficial insight, but the Internet of Things provides real-world information that leads to more effective resource management.
• Improved data collection - Modern data collection suffers from its limitations and its design for passive use. The Internet of Things breaks it down from those spaces, and puts it exactly where humans really want to go to analyze our world. It allows an accurate picture of everything.

Disadvantages of the Internet of Things

Although the Internet of Things offers an impressive array of benefits, it also presents a plethora of challenges. Below is a list of some of its main issues

• Security - The Internet of Things creates an ecosystem of constantly connected devices that communicate over networks. The system provides little control despite any security measures. This leaves users vulnerable to various types of attackers.
• Privacy - The evolution of the Internet of Things provides essential personal data to the smallest detail without the active participation of the user.
• Complexity - Some find IoT systems to be complex in terms of design, deployment, and maintenance due to their use of multiple technologies and a wide range of new enabling technologies.
• Flexibility - Many are concerned about the flexibility of the IoT system to integrate easily with another system. They worry about finding themselves with too many conflicting or closed systems.
• Compliance - The Internet of Things, like any other technology in business, must comply with regulations. Its complexity makes the issue of compliance seem so challenging when many consider standard software compliance a battle.

How does this affect us as humans?

The new rule for the future: "Anything that can be linked will be bound."

But why do so many connected devices want to communicate with each other? There are many examples to explain this. Imagine, for example, that you are on your way to a meeting; Your car can reach your location and where you want to go, and you will already know the best way to go. If the traffic is heavy, your vehicle may send a text to the other party informing them that you will be late.

What if you woke up your alarm clock at 6 AM and then instructed the coffee machine to start brewing your morning coffee? What if your office equipment becomes aware of its shortcomings and is automatically re-ordered? What if the wearable device you used in the workplace could tell you when and where you were most active and productive and shared that information with other devices you used while at work?

On a larger scale, IoT can be applied to things like transportation networks: “smart cities” that can help us reduce waste, and improve the efficiency of things like energy use, will also help us understand, improve the way we live and work. The picture below shows what our world will look like.

The truth is, the Internet of Things allows for endless opportunities and connections, many of which we cannot even fully think of or understand. It is not difficult to know how and why the Internet of Things is a hot topic today. It certainly opens the door to many opportunities but also faces many challenges. And security is one of the most important problems in this field. With billions of devices connected together, what can people do to make sure their information stays safe? Will anyone be able to penetrate your oven device, thus accessing the entire network?

The Internet of Things is also opening up companies around the world to meet security threats. Then we have the issue of privacy and data sharing. This is a thorny topic even today, so one can imagine how concerns would escalate when we talk about the many billions of devices being connected. Another problem that many companies face is the huge amounts of data that all of these devices will generate. That is, these companies will need to find a way to store, track, analyze and understand massive amounts of data.

What now?

The Internet of Things debate was and is still common all over the world. Today we seek to understand how it affects our lives. We are also trying to understand what the many opportunities and challenges will arise as more devices start joining the Internet of Things. For now, the best thing we can do is educate ourselves about what the Internet of Things is and its potential impacts on how we work and live.